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Various Factors Can Keep Grapes from Ripening
A variety of factors can impact the ripening process of grapes according Gaylord Moore, horticulture specialist, University of Missouri Extension.
“The Concord variety has had ripening problems especially during hot summers. High temperatures may reduce berry weight, sugars, acidity and color development,” said Moore.
Uneven ripening is when some of the berries in the cluster remain sour, hard and green while others develop the purple color and soften during the ripening process. The green berries will be full-sized, but will not be sweet.
“Other cultural factors such as improper pruning and excessive plant foliage may cause uneven ripening and reduced sugar content,” said Moore.
Restricted light due to shading from surrounding structures or shade cloth can restrict photosynthesis and natural ripening.
To protect the crop from hungry birds, it is a good idea to use netting which will not interfere with available light to the foliage.
“Small, misshaped leaves can also result from the sensitivity of grapes to 2, 4-D herbicides. That may enhance the uneven ripening problem. I suggest using phenoxy based herbicides in the vicinity of your grapes due to the susceptibility of herbicide drift and volatilization,” said Moore.
Q: Can I plant hostas under an Eastern red cedar tree? – J.S.
A: Most folks are aware of the shade loving character of hostas. However, most hostas do not thrive if grown in deep or dense shade. Variety differences can also be a factor which determines the tolerance to the amount of sun or shade received.
Soil organic matter, fertility, and preparation for planting may also influence the growth response of hostas to the environment. You may need to trim the lower branches of the Eastern red cedar to allow ample light to reach the plants.
Hostas grow best in an exposure with morning and afternoon shade. Some cultivars will tolerate some afternoon sun, although plants grown in full afternoon sun, especially variegated plants, may show signs of marginal burning on leaves in the summer months.
Soils may be acidic and low in organic matter where red cedars are grown. If you desire to plant several hostas I suggest a soil test to determine fertility levels. The recommended soil for hostas is well drained, has a slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.5 to 7.0 and is enriched both with nutrients and organic matter.
When making a new hosta bed, many gardeners like to cultivate to a depth of 12 inches. Apply 6 inches of organic matter and till it into the new bed. The addition of organic matter will also serve to raise the bed, which will improve drainage for the plants.
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